MANUSCRITOS DO MAR MORTO: ANÁLISE DAS POSSÍVEIS RELAÇÕES ENTRE OS DITOS DO APÓSTOLO PAULO E 4QMMT

Abstract

The present work aims to identify possible relationships between the sayings of the apostle Paul and the fragments of the document known as 4QMMT or Halachic Letter. Therefore, the present work intends to describe the history that underlies the discovery of the sets of texts in the ruins of Qumran, to describe what they represent and the current value of the Dead Sea Scrolls, as well as to analyze the fragments clippings, identifying the formation of the Qumranite community and the predominance of rigid laws. The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls is considered the greatest scientific discovery of the past millennium for the study of the Bible, both for the quantity and quality of the writings. Furthermore, the Manuscripts did much to clarify the condition of the Hebrew Bible. Therefore, this study was divided into three chapters. The first chapter dealt with the Dead Sea Scrolls, having been subdivided into three other subtopics: the first dealt with the discovery of these manuscripts, having explained how this happened; the second, studied the origin of the men of Qumran, that is, the place and community where the manuscripts were discovered was studied; in the third, possible hypotheses for the formation of community identity were analyzed, emphasizing the importance of discovering the Manuscripts. In the second chapter, the Halakhah at Qumran was analyzed. Also in this chapter, there was a division into subtopics, to facilitate the understanding of the theme. In the first subtopic, the composition of texts was studied, emphasizing the concept of Halakhah; in the second, the texts of the Halakhah were highlighted; and, in the third and last subtopic of the second chapter, the questions of law in Qumran and the 4QMMT document were studied, so that a study was carried out on the 4QMMT document. Finally, in the third chapter, the study of Paul's writings and the 4QMMT document was carried out, highlighting a common perspective between them. Therefore, the chapter was divided into the following approaches: new perspective on Paulo; the issues of deterministic language, justification, works of law, religious practices and experiences in Paul; and a shift in the boat of Pauline theology. It was possible to notice that the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls offered an incalculable source that preceded, permeated and followed the advent of the historical Jesus, the birth of primitive Christianity and rabbinical Judaism, which enabled an understanding of the origins and development of the New Testament and early Christianity.